Newton's Second Law Calculator

Solve F = ma for force, mass, or acceleration.

kg
m/s²

About Newton's Second Law

Newton's second law of motion states that the net force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration. It explains how the velocity of an object changes when it is subjected to an external force.

The F = ma Relationship

The law is expressed by the equation F = m · a, which can be rearranged to solve for any of the three quantities:

  • F = m · a - Force from mass and acceleration
  • m = F / a - Mass from force and acceleration
  • a = F / m - Acceleration from force and mass

Units (Newtons)

In SI units, force is measured in newtons (N), mass in kilograms (kg), and acceleration in meters per second squared (m/s²). One newton is the force required to accelerate a 1 kg mass at 1 m/s².

  • F - Force (newtons, N)
  • m - Mass (kilograms, kg)
  • a - Acceleration (meters per second squared, m/s²)